STEPHEN BREYER：事实证明他们5％的时间用来调整过高的价格，95％的时间用来调整过低的价格，但是调整价格的努力总是使价格处于高位而不是低位。
NARRATOR： Naturally； the established airlines were quite happy with this arrangement。
旁白：自然，已存在的航空公司对此非常高兴。
STEPHEN BREYER： And we'd say； "；When was the last time you granted a new route？ Well？"；
STEPHEN BREYER：我们要说：“什么时候你们才最后批准新路线？啊？”
NARRATOR： Regulations meant that major carriers like Pan Am never had to pete with newers。 But some cut…price charter flight operators wanted to break this club。 Leading the struggle against Pan Am over its profitable trans…Atlantic flights was an exuberant Englishman called Freddie Laker。
旁白：规章制度意味着主要的航空公司，比如泛美航空公司，永远不必和新进入者竞争。但是一些打折的包机飞行经营者希望打破这个俱乐部。一位名叫Freddie Laker 的活力充沛的英国人领导了反对泛美航空公司有利可图的横跨大西洋航线的斗争。
FREDDY LAKER： I'm Freddy Laker。 I own Laker Airways； and I'm dedicated to low…cost air travel。 With Laker you can fly round trip to the USA or Canada in one of our wide…bodied DC…10s for less than half the price of a normal economy ticket。 Look； I've got to give you a better deal …… I've got my name on every plane。
FREDDY LAKER：我是Freddy Laker。我拥有Laker航线，致力于降低空中旅行的费用。选择Laker，你可以乘坐我们的道尔－10s飞机作到美国或者加拿大的往返飞行，而价格还不到正常经济舱机票价格的一半。看，我在每架飞机上都留下了我的名字。
STEPHEN BREYER： The Transportation Department said that this may hurt Pan Am。 And Freddy Laker testified and said； "；The cause of this whole thing is 'Panamania。'"； So we said； "；What is that？"； And he said； "；Well； everybody should do everything for Pan Am。"；
STEPHEN BREYER：运输部认为这可能会损害泛美航空公司。Freddy Laker作证时说：“整件事的原因就是‘Panamania’。”我们问“那是什么意思？"；他回答说：“噢，所有的人都应该为泛美航空公司的利益服务。”
NARRATOR： The man who was to sweep away airline regulations is a lifelong Gilbert and Sullivan fan。 Improbably enough； the bearded poet is played by Fred Kahn； a professor at Cornell University。
旁白：这个将要消除航线管制的男人毕生都是吉尔伯特和沙利文迷。难以相信的是，这位留胡子诗人的角色是由Fred Kahn－康奈尔大学的一位教授－来扮演的。
Kahn wanted a leaner； meaner regulatory environment in which the market was free to chase profits without the dead weight of bloated government。 Democratic president Jimmy Carter made Kahn head of the Civil Aeronautics Board。 Kahn had spent years studying government regulation； now he had a chance to do something about it。
Kahn想做个倾斜，意即调整环境使市场可以自由追逐利润却没有傲慢政府这个累赘。民主党总统吉米。卡特任命Kahn为民用航空局局长。Kahn已经花了数年时间来研究政府的规章制度；现在他有机会做些什么了。
ALFRED KAHN； Civil Aeronautics Board； 1977…1978： When I got to the Civil Aeronauts Board； the biggest division under me was the division of enforcement …… in effect； FBI agents who would go around and seek out secret discounts and then impose fines。 We would discipline them。 It was illegal to pete in price。 That means it was illegal to pete in the discounts you offer travel agents。 So we regulated travel agents' discounts。 Internationally； since they couldn't cut rates； they peted by having more and more sumptuous meals。 We actually regulated the size of sandwiches。
ALFRED KAHN，民用航空局，1977－1978年：当我到民用航空局上任时，我手下最大的一个部门是强制执行部门－实际上就是FBI探员，他们四处侦察，搜出有秘密折扣行为的公司然后罚款。我们强制大家执行规定。价格竞争是违法的，这意味着在提供给旅行代办人的折扣上竞争是违法的。因此我们管制旅行代办人的折扣。国际上，既然不能降价，他们就靠越来越奢侈的食品来竞争。我们事实上管制的是三明治的大小。
NARRATOR： By the time Kahn had finished； the
旁白：到Kahn卸任时，民用航空局除了关门之外已经没剩下什么事情可作。
SPOKESMAN FOR THE CIVIL AERONAUTICS BOARD： petition is the rule； and because of it； the consumers are better served than ever。
民用航空局发言人：竞争是规则，所以消费者将得到比以往更好的服务。
NARRATOR： Airline deregulation led to painful turbulence as new carriers came and went。 Like her father； Judith Hamill works in the airline industry。
旁白：随着新航空公司的进入和推出，航空业取消管制引起了痛苦的振荡。Judith Hamill和她的父亲一样在航空业就职。
JUDITH HAMILL； Administrator； Chicago O'Hare Airport： My dad was a jet mechanic with Braniff。 At the age of 59 he found that his skills were no longer desirable or needed。 When Braniff came back because of the duty to hire； he came back at half the salary that he had made before。 When you live by the rules and then the rules change； it's sad。
JUDITH HAMILL，芝加哥O'Hare机场管理员：我父亲是布兰尼夫喷气飞机机师。59岁时他发现他的技术再也不需要了。当布兰尼夫因雇用义务而恢复的时候，他也回来了，但薪水只有以前的一半。当你靠规则生活而规则又发生变化的时候，那是很悲惨的。
NARRATOR： But 20 years later； the industry was employing two times as many people to fly almost three times as many passengers。
旁白：但是二十年后，这个行业的雇员是原来的两倍，乘客则几乎是原来的三倍。
STEPHEN BREYER： The industry vastly underestimated the demand for airfares at lower prices； and what's happened is that as the prices went down； demand went up dramatically。
STEPHEN BREYER：这个行业都大大低估了对低价飞机票的需求；结果，随着机票价格的下降，需求发生了引人注目的增加。
ALFRED KAHN： And once they were free to pete； you began to get super…saver fares and super…apex fares and potato fares and peanuts fares …… an explosion of discounting and petition。 Well； those were dramatic。
ALFRED KAHN：一旦他们可以自由竞争，你开始得到超级－救助者费、超级顶点费、马铃薯费和花生费－折扣和竞争的大爆炸。噢，这真是富有戏剧性。
NARRATOR： The stage was set for deregulation of the ； and now these ideas were about to make their entrance in the very homeland of Gilbert and Sullivan。
旁白：美国经济解除管制的舞台已经搭好了，现在这些想法将把他们送进吉尔伯特和沙利文真正的祖国。
Chapter 15： Thatcher Takes the Helm ＇3：50＇
第十五章：撒切尔掌权
Onscreen title： Britain； 1979
字幕标题：英国，1979年
WORKER： Well； 5 percent's no good to nobody； is it？
工人：噢，5个百分点对某些人士有用的，是吗？
INTERVIEWER： Do you think you can win this strike？
采访者：你认为这次罢工会胜利吗？
WORKER： Yes； I do。
工人：是的，我这样认为。
NARRATOR： They called it the Winter of Discontent。 It seemed as if everyone was on strike。
旁白：他们把这个冬天称之为“不满的冬天”，好像每个人都在举行罢工。
MAN： I think it stinks； like all the other damn strikes in this country run by the filthy Socialist munist unions。
男人：我认为它讨厌透顶，就像这个国家里所有其他由肮脏的社会主义者共产主义者联盟发动的该死的罢工一样。
NARRATOR： The garbage men were out。 So were the ambulances。 And if you died； the gravediggers were out； too。
旁白：垃圾工人罢工；救护车罢工；即使你死了，挖墓者也罢工。
NARRATOR： With the economy in apparently terminal decline； the people voted for a new Conservative government headed by Margaret Thatcher。
旁白：由于经济显然处在恶化状态，人们投�